Charcoal Suitability Table
The following table lists general suitability guidelines for charcoals coming from different types of raw wood. It must be noted that much depends on the specific subspecies used, the manufacturing process, the derivation of the wood and other factors like the season of cut.
Charcoals "make or break" gunpowder; those listed as "suitable" can be used for BP manufacture and can give adequate results. However, scientific tests show that speed increases up to 500% are possible when using high performance charcoal. Thus, who wants optimum performance is referred to the latter.
It is plain that the final performance of any powder is also largely determined by the production method used. Thus it is not uncommon if e.g. a precipitated Hazel black powder clearly outstrips a hand ground powder using alder buck-thorn charcoal even if the latter contains the better material.
There are still many blanks remaining. Feel free to complete or expand the table wherever authentic information is accessible.
| Material | BP suitablbity | Spark suitablbity | Additional information |
| Activated charcoal | no | suitable | |
| Ailanthus (altissima) | suitable | unsure | |
| Alder (Alnus Rubra, Red Alder) | very suitable | unsure | |
| Alder (Alnus Tenuifolia, Thinleaf Alder) | suitable | unsure | |
| Alder (Alnus Glutinosa, Black Alder) | suitable | very suitable | Specified for BP by the british military |
| Alder (Alnus Cordata, Italian Alder) | very suitable | unsure | Italian alder |
| Apple | no | suitable | "Pyrus mains" gave excellent results in BP |
| Aspen | suitable | unsure | "Trembling aspen" is a top performer |
| Balsa | very suitable | no | Expensive raw material |
| Bamboo | suitable | unsure | |
| Beech | suitable | suitable | Used in english powders || pyroguide.wiki comment: I made with it very fast black powder, great for lift charge |
| Birch (White) | unsure | unsure | pyroguide.wiki comment: I made with it very fast black powder, great for lift charge |
| Birch (Black) | unsure | unsure | |
| Buckthorn (alder) | very suitable | unsure | A top performer; specified for BP by the british military; "Frangula alnus"; highest porosity |
| Buckthorn (carolina) | very suitable | unsure | A top performer |
| Cherry (virginian) | suitable | unsure | |
| Coconut | no | unsure | Often found as laboratory charcoal |
| Cotton | unsure | unsure | Said to give excellent gunpowder |
| Cottonwood (narrow leaf) | very suitable | unsure | |
| Dogwood (cornus florida) | very suitable | unsure | |
| Dogwood (cornus sanguined) | suitable | unsure | Used for BP charcoal in Britain |
| Grapevine | very suitable | unsure | Performance depends on variety used; high ash content (consider formula adjustments) |
| Grass | no | unsure | |
| Hazel | suitable | unsure | |
| Hemp | suitable | suitable | Popular for BP manufacture in the east |
| Hornbeam | no | unsure | |
| Horse chestnut | suitable | very suitable | |
| Jute | suitable | unsure | |
| Lime | unsure | unsure | |
| Madrone (pacific) | suitable | unsure | |
| Maple | very suitable | unsure | Reputed choice of GOEX, member reported excellent results using silver maple |
| Mesquite | suitable | unsure | |
| Oak (chrysolepsis) | suitable | unsure | |
| Paulownia | very suitable | no | A top performer, popular in the east |
| Peach | suitable | suitable | |
| Pine | very suitable | very suitable | Maybe the best for fire dust; BP: tests done with "Pinus radiata"(hardwood pine!) gave excellent results; too many species to generalize |
| Plum (prunus domestica) | very suitable | unsure | A top performer; low ash content |
| Poplar | suitable | unsure | Related to willow |
| Sesban | suitable | unsure | |
| Tamarind | suitable | unsure | |
| Teak | suitable | unsure | |
| Umbauba | suitable | unsure | Reputed choice of Elephant Brand |
| Willow | very suitable | very suitable | Acceptable results with any type; Black willow gives excellent results, Rocky mountain willow is inferior, white willow is good and specified by the British military, weeping willow and pacific willow both give very good results. Gives long lasting sparks. || pyroguide.wiki comment: I made with it very fast black powder, great for lift charge |
Sources:
Von Maltitz, Ian: Black Powder Manufacture, Testing & Optimizing, p.36ff
Von Maltitz, Ian: Black Powder Manufacture, Methods and Techniques
Lancaster, Ronald: Fireworks, Principles and Practice, 3rd edition, p.77ff, 101ff
Shimizu, Takeo: Fireworks, The Art, science and technique
